Thursday, August 17, 2023

Glyphosate

 

“Glyphosate is a non-selective systemic biocide with broad-spectrum activity, is the most widely used herbicide in the world.” Numerous commercial formulations of glyphosate also contain several adjuvants such as polyethoxylated tallow amine. Studies have shown glyphosate “can persist in the environment for days or months, and its intensive and large-scale use can constitute a major environmental and health problem.”
 
The mechanism of glyphosate “inhibits the enzymatic activity of the 5-endopyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in the shikimic acid pathway, preventing the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan.”
 
“An estimated 81% of the U.S. population has had recent exposure to glyphosate, a chemical found in some weed killers, according to a new study, Exposure to glyphosate in the United States: Data from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.”

Because low doses of glyphosate do not cause an obvious, immediate health problem, the EPA classified glyphosate in the least toxic category (category IV, practically non-toxic and non-irritating). However, this is extremely deceiving as repeated exposure can cause accumulation and serious, life-threatening health effects.

“Recently, data on glyphosate contamination in the environment suggest that acute toxicity may not be as relevant as toxicity from chronic exposure to lower concentrations of this compound. Therefore, the number of publications demonstrating the chronic toxicity of glyphosate in animals and humans has increased considerably. This has led to increased concern about the potential harmful side effects that chronic exposure to glyphosate could have on animal and human health.”

A series of studies show that glyphosate and its commercial formulations can produce detrimental effects on the human nervous system. These investigations have shown that glyphosate can cross and affect the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and cause various types of short-term or long-term disturbances in the human nervous system. “Research now links glyphosate to health problems including cancer, reproductive problems, neurological diseases like ALS, endocrine disruption, and birth defects.” There is also evidence that glyphosate is disruptive your gut microbes, causing increased rates of other diseases such as Celiac disease.

Conclusion
“The information summarized in the present review indicates that exposure to glyphosate, AMPA, or GBH could induce several toxic effects on the nervous system of all species studied. Exposure to glyphosate during the early stages of life can severely affect normal cell development by deregulating some of the signaling pathways involved in this process, leading to alterations in differentiation, neuronal growth, migration, and myelination. Glyphosate also seems to exert a significant toxic effect on neurotransmission…the results analyzed herein reflect the capacity of glyphosate to induce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, processes that lead to neuronal death by autophagia, necrosis, or apoptosis, as well as the appearance of behavioral and motor disorders. Although there are important discrepancies between the findings analyzed in this review, it is unequivocal that exposure to glyphosate, alone or in commercial formulations, can produce important alterations in the structure and function of the nervous system of humans, rodents, fish, and invertebrate animals.”







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